Benefits of Specialization

Treating today as though
It was the last, the final show
Get to sixty and feel no regret
It may take a little time
A lonely path, an uphill climb
Success or failure will not alter it
--Howard Jones

Specialization is the extent to which individuals or organizations perform narrow groups of tasks, with commensurate limitations in variety of output produced. Specialization generally leads to higher productivity (i.e., output/labor hr) because of learning effects, lower switching costs, and other economies. The benefits of specialization explain why dividing tasks among workers (i.e., division of labor) is among the most intuitive of economic acts.

In order to realize those productivity gains, however, trade must flow freely. Because they produce limited variety, specialists are unable to produce the broad array of goods that they need to advance their standard of living. Those goods must be acquired from other producers--most likely from other specialists. 

When specialists can trade freely, then the economies of specialization are collectively realized. Prosperity improves for all.

The prospective reward associated with specialization is therefore high. But we also know that there is a positive relationship between reward and risk. Generally, endeavors that offer the prospect of higher reward carry more risk as well.

We'll consider the risks of specialization in an upcoming post.